German-English Cognates; Same or Similar Words Used in German and English

German English cognates...there are tons of them! With similar linguistic origins, there exist many German words that either are, or sound, the same in English. Likewise, you will find many English loanwords that have been assimilated into the German language - this is called lexical borrowing - and overall, German and English appear to thrive off a somewhat symbiotic relationship. Some of the words stolen or appropriated seem logical and sensible and it makes sense that they ended up present in both German and English, whilst others are a little more abstract and make you wonder why on earth one language chose to borrow those very phrases!

German and English are both rich, technical languages whose grammar systems often overlap. In a globalised age where trends quickly go viral and surpass geographical borders, it is no surprise that there has been such an intermingling between the two languages. Word swapping and loaning is dynamic, exciting, and natural...given the intrinsically fluid characteristic of language itself. Certain Germans, however, are against this open embrace of the international language of English, and spurn the pollution of their own native tongue. Let us know in the comments whether you believe this linguistic interflow is inevitable and inescapable, or whether it is to the detriment of the German language...

2. Common English Words Used in German

3. Common German Words Used in English

5. English Words Used in German with a Different Meaning

6. German-English False Friends

General Similarities between English and German

Before getting down to the nitty-gritty and comparing specific words, let us recap the general similarities that exist between German and English.

1. Both are Germanic languages

As can be seen in this language family tree, English and German stem from the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and therefore derive from the same syntactic and phonological system. Despite evolving as we trace down the tree, it is natural that the languages born from the same roots have retained many factors in common.

2. Both use the Latin alphabet

English and German use the same 26 letters of the modern Latin alphabet, so you have a head start when reading and sounding out words in the other language as there is no need to adapt to an unfamiliar writing system. The only shock to English eyes might be the umlaut on the vowels (Ää, Öö, Üü) and the Eszett(ß).

3. Both use Arabic numerals

All numbers in German and English (although named differently) are created by using the digits 0-9. Even the way in which numbers are compounded is similar.

In English, “teen” is the suffix: thirteen, fourteen, fifteen...

In German, “zehn” is the suffix: Dreizehn, Vierzehn, Fünfzehn…

Then, whilst English puts the multiples of ten first in thirty-one, for example, German places it after: EinundDreißig.

4. Both have loanwords from Ancient Greek

With a host of customs, philosophies, and engineering that still inspire thinkers and doers today, there aren’t many European languages that escape the influence of Ancient Greece.

Here are some of the most obviously Greek-derived words that are sprinkled throughout German and English...

Dilemma
Gorilla
Marathon
Palimpsest
Palindrome
Paranoia
Phantom
Saxophon(e)
Theologie(y)
Therapie(y)
Topos

...as well as many other lexical borrowings which are spelled less similarly by the two languages.

5. Both are highly-valued languages in the career world

As the language of international business, the ability to speak English is recognised as a career asset all over the world. In fact, the English is spoken to an adequate level by 1.75 billion people worldwide. German is also a remarkably powerful language in the globalised world of work due to the country’s thriving economy. Germany has the 4th strongest economy in the world and the largest in Europe. It is no surprise, therefore, that English and German-speaking employees are in such high demand. Our platform is proof of this, with a whopping 71% of job offers requiring English speakers and 27% of job offers for German speakers. You can read in detail about the top jobs for German speakers or countries to visit if you speak German here, or you can get a rough idea about language demand in Europe from this chart.

Common English Words Used in German

These common English words used in German are mostly banal, everyday vocabulary, and names of objects.

Baby
Ball
Boss
Bus
Computer
E-Mail
Fair
Flip-flops
Hobby
Hotel
Information
Job
Name
Park
Radio
Reporter
Ring
Sweatshirt
Taxi
Tourist
T-Shirt
Zoo

Common German Words Used in English

Common German words used in English, on the other hand, are often more poetic, abstract concepts.

Angst
Bildungsroman
Delicatessen
Doppelganger
Eiderdown
Ersatz
Hamster
Kindergarten
Kitsch
Knapsack
Leitmotif
Poltergeist
Schadenfreude
Spritz
Wanderlust
Weltanschauung
Waltz
Zeitgeist

Very Similar German and English Words (Different Spelling)

These German and English words are so similar that you probably do not need the translation; however, as they are spelt slightly, we have added them in the case of doubt.

Apfel - apple
Besser - better
Buch - book
Bruder - brother
Delfin - dolphin
Denken - think
Essen - eat
Foto - photo
Freund - friend
Garten - garden
Gras - grass
Haus - house
Helfen - help
Herz - heart
Hoffen - hope
Krokodil - crocodile
Käse - cheese
Lampe - lamp
Mann - man
Maus - mouse
Milch - milk
Studieren - to study
Tanzen - to dance
Telefon - telephone
Tochter - daughter
Vater - father
Wasser -water
Zehn - ten

English Words Used in German with a Different Meaning

These are English words that already exist that the Germans have adopted and made their own.

Cracker in German = computer hacker

Cracker in English = a biscuit or a Christmas table decoration

Evergreen in German = an old song that is still popular

Evergreen in English = a tree that keeps its leaves over more than one growing season

Handy - mobile phone
Home office in German = work from home

Home office in English = ministerial department of the UK government

Messie - a person who is untidy
Peeling - body scrub
Public viewing in German = people congregating to watch an event

Public viewing in English = seeing the corpse before the funeral

Shitstorm in German = social media backlash (used by Angela Merkel herself!)

Shitstorm in English = messy situation

Showmaster - TV show host
Sprayer - graffiti artist
Streetworker in German = social worker

Streetworker in English = prostitute

German-English False Friends

Here are some words in German that an English speaker might think he/she understands just by seeing them, but this sense of familiarity is a trick - hence the name false friends! Some of these are certain to fry your brain.

Art - kind/sort/type
Bald - soon
Billion - trillion
Chef - director
Direktion - management
Fabrik - factory
Fraktion - parliamentary group
Gift - poison
Gymnasium - grammar school
Hose - trousers
Hut - hat
Kind - child
Kraft - power/force/strength
Limone - lime
Lokal - pub
See - lake
Wer - who
Wo - where

There's no doubt about it from examining these cognates: German and English have a huge amount of overlap in terms of common words. You can find the same exact words, similar versions, or even different meanings of the same spelling between the two languages that have a history of borrowing from each other. If you speak one of these languages, this is your sign to start learning the other! These similar words will speed up the process of assimilation tenfold! And if you get muddled, just stick to Denglish!

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